Secure Shell, as the name suggests, is a protocol for getting a shell which can be used to securely execute commands on a remote machine. It supports several other features too. It is a combination of three layers of protocols namely, Transport layer protocol, User authentication protocol and Connection protocol [See references below for RFC links].
Transport layer protocol provides confidential channel over insecure network. This layer provides server host authentication, key exchange, encryption, integrity protection. It derives session id that may be used by higher level protocols.
User authentication protocol provides a suite of mechanism that can be used to authenticate the client user to the server.
Transport layer protocol provides confidential channel over insecure network. This layer provides server host authentication, key exchange, encryption, integrity protection. It derives session id that may be used by higher level protocols.
User authentication protocol provides a suite of mechanism that can be used to authenticate the client user to the server.
Connection protocol specifies a mechanism to multiplex multiple streams (channels) of data over the confidential and authenticated transport. It also specifies channels for accessing an interactive shell, for proxy-forwarding various external protocols over the secure transport (including arbitrary TCP/IP protocols) and for accessing secure subsystems on the server host.
OpenSSH is a wonderful implementation of SSH available online [See below for references].
Few references:
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